Cytoplasmic dna sensing
WebThe second type of cytoplasmic DNA sensor is AIM2. Upon sensing DNA, AIM2 triggers the assembly of the inflammasome, culminating in interleukin maturation. In addition to these receptors, there is a mechanism to sense foreign DNA, with the host RNA polymerase III converting the DNA into RNA for recognition by the RNA sensor RIG-I. These ... WebThe cGAS/STING pathway is a cytoplasmic DNA sensor, and activation of the cGAS/STING pathway leads to two independent downstream pathways: type I IFNs through IRF3 and proinflammatory responses through NFκB16. Both the IRF3- and NF-κB-dependent pathways lead to the production of inflammatory growth factors and …
Cytoplasmic dna sensing
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WebFeb 6, 2024 · Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), the founding member of the innate immune sensors for DNA, is composed of a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. TLR9 was discovered first in mouse macrophages and later in human cells ( FIGURE 1) ( 10, 41 ). As is the case for most other TLR family members, … WebJul 11, 2024 · Pathogenic and other cytoplasmic DNAs activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to induce inflammation via transcriptional activation by IRF3 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), but the functional consequences of exposing cGAS to chromosomes upon mitotic n …
WebCyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a major cytoplasmic DNA sensor in various types of cells that detect either invaded foreign DNA or aberrantly located self-DNA. Upon … WebApr 13, 2024 · This process enhanced T cell activation and pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in aged mice. Mechanistically, KU-mediated …
WebApr 12, 2024 · Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is identified as an important cytoplasmic DNA sensor ( 30, 38, 39 ). cGAS recognizes cytoplasmic DNA derived from pathogen … WebOct 1, 2024 · Host cytoplasmic DNA sensing is typically prevented since it is usually restricted to the nucleus and mitochondria. However, multiple situations lead to the presence of misplaced DNA and autoimmunity can result from failure to properly dispose it through DNAse activity. Besides cell extrinsic DNAse I, mammalian cells express the …
WebJun 12, 2024 · The release of DNA into the cytoplasm upon damage to the nucleus or during viral infection triggers an interferon-mediated defense response, inflammation and cell death. In human cells cytoplasmic DNA is sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) and Absent In Melanoma 2 (AIM2). Here, we report the identification of a “natural …
WebMar 24, 2009 · Cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA triggers cell death and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in macrophages. Recent reports now describe the mechanism underlying this observation. Upon sensing of DNA, the HIN-200 family member AIM2 triggers the assembly of the inflammasome, culminating in caspase-1 activation, IL … how old is olor from tingmanWebMay 5, 2013 · The cytosolic DNA sensing pathways are also likely to feature given the link between TREX1 and autoimmune disease: Lack of TREX1 causes cytosolic … mercy health physician partners east parisWebMay 5, 2013 · Interestingly, the authors found that in a cell type with limited basal IFI16 expression, DDX41 seemed to be the initial sensor of cytoplasmic DNA, inducing IFN and subsequent IFI16 expression, the latter serving as an amplifier of innate responses (Zhang et al., 2011b). Thus, data from studies involving IFI16 and DDX41 suggest that the … mercy health physician partners jenisonWebOct 21, 2024 · While sensing aging-related DNA cytoplasmic accumulation, DNA-PK interacts with ZAK, AKT, and mTOR, inducing T-cell proliferation and aging-related autoimmunity (Wang et al., 2024). Another study recently claimed that DNA-PK is a potent sensor that activates the innate immune response with STING-independent signaling … mercy health physician partners 44th stWebOct 1, 2024 · Cytoplasmic DNA and cytoplasmic DNA-sensing adapter STING play key parts in aortic degeneration by promoting smooth muscle cell damage, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production in macrophages ... how old is olwen fouereWebFeb 15, 2013 · To immunologists, DNA has always had a dark side. Long before it was shown to be the genetic material, it was known to stimulate immune responses ( 1 ). When DNA is in the wrong place, it is a sign of danger. The danger can be in the form of infection where microbial DNA is sensed, or cellular damage that leaks DNA into the cytoplasm … mercy health physician partners geriatricsWebMar 4, 2024 · Cytoplasmic DNA potentiates CD4 + T cell activation and aging-related autoimmunity • DNA sensing by KU complex, but not … how old is omaha steaks